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KMID : 0620920200520080018
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Experimental & Molecular Medicine
2020 Volume.52 No. 8 p.18 ~ p.18
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Bystander CD4+ T cells: crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity
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Lee Hong-Gyun
Cho Min-Zi
Choi Je-Min
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Abstract
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T cells are the central mediators of both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses. Highly specific receptor-mediated clonal selection and expansion of T cells assure antigen-specific immunity. In addition, encounters with cognate antigens generate immunological memory, the capacity for long-term, antigen-specific immunity against previously encountered pathogens. However, T-cell receptor (TCR)-independent activation, termed “bystander activation”, has also been found. Bystander-activated T cells can respond rapidly and secrete effector cytokines even in the absence of antigen stimulation. Recent studies have rehighlighted the importance of antigen-independent bystander activation of CD4+ T cells in infection clearance and autoimmune pathogenesis, suggesting the existence of a distinct innate-like immunological function performed by conventional T cells. In this review, we discuss the inflammatory mediators that activate bystander CD4+ T cells and the potential physiological roles of these cells during infection, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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KEYWORD
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CD4-positive T cells, T cells
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